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On-line measurement of machine tool

 
  机床在线测量
  数控机床是机电一体化的数字控制自动化机床,在数控精密加工和自动化生产中应用非常广泛。国际上许多专业人士都力图为数控机床配备各种类型的监控、监测装置(如测头)对工件及刀具进行过程中监测,发现工件超差、刀具磨损、破损,都能及时的报警,并给与补偿,或对刀具进行调换,以提高机床的自动化程度,保证数控机床长期工作时的产品质量。为满足各方面的需要,很多厂商及用户都希望在数控机床上配置各种加工精度检测设备,并应用自动测量技术解决上述问题。
  数控机床作为高技术产物应用范围越来越广泛。然而,无论是在国内还是在国外,数控加工过程中的质量问题,严重地制约着这些先进制造系统的总体效率的发挥,同时也制约着这些先进制造系统的迅速普及和推广。因此,基于数控机床的在线检测技术的发展为数控加工过程的质量检测提供了一套行之有效的方法。
  同时,在机械加工领域,测量是加工的前提和基础,只有经过测量才能检验加工出的产品是否满足生产要求。当一批零件将要开始加工时,有大量的检测工作需要完成,包括夹具和零件的装夹、找正、零件编程原点的检测、首件零件的检测、工序间检测及加工完必检测等。在某些情况下,还可能有未知零件的检测。尤其对于超精密加工,相应的测量设备必须跟上,才能保证加工精度达到设计的要求。因此,将测量设备集成到数控加工设备中,将机床的驱动轴作为测量仪的驱动轴,开发出具有在线测量功能的数控机床,才能适应机械加工高效率、高产量的需求。
  可以看出,无论是为了减少数控机床加工过程中产生的问题、保证其产品质量,还是提高机床自动化程度以实现其生产加工与测量检测的一体化,数控机床的在线测量技术的研究势在必行。
  数控机床实现在线测量后,除了可以测量工件形位公差,方便工件的安装调整,简化工装夹具,降低费用,缩短辅助时间,提高生产效率外,还可以根据测量结果自动修改加工程序,改善加工精度。这样,数控机床既能加工设备,又兼具某些测量功能,从而更大程度上发挥其使用功能,使用户的机床投资得到更好的回报。
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